I have been doing a lot of reading about the diagnosis of gluten sensitivity and am just beginning to get lab tests back so I can make some general comments. What we are trying to discover is who will most likely benefit from taking steps to remove gluten from their diet.
It appears that the most sensitive indicator is the clinical picture. That means your history and family history of chronic and autoimmune disorders. If you or someone in your family has one of the 100 or so chronic disorders that is often related to GS, then this is paramount in your diagnosis. You ignore those symptoms at your peril.
To that I would then add a good genetic profile. If you don’t have any celiac or gluten sensitivity genes, then maybe this isn’t your problem even if you have one of those disorders mentioned above. If your test comes back positive AND you have a chronic illness, then your next step should be to get off gluten for a year and see what happens. You should notice something in the first several weeks of being truly gluten free but complete healing or maximum healing could take a year or two.
Next comes anti-body testing. My preference is stool testing and then blood testing. If one or both of these is positive along with the other indicators above, you are off gluten forever or you risk misery and an early death. If the anti-body testing is negative, that is only a maybe because anti-body testing isn’t as sensitive as what your body is saying or the health of close family and the genetic tests.
Next comes intestinal biopsies. Biopsies will show damage in some cases but not in all people that will be healthier with gluten out of their diets.